When experts examined the skulls of 300 Britons dating back 1,800 years the results surprised them. They found that just 5% of the skulls showed signs of gum disease, or periodontitis. When you compare that to the nearly 30% of Britons who suffer from gum disease today, you are left wondering how people without toothbrushes could keep their gums so healthy.
Gum disease is caused by excessive plaque build-up that creates inflammation in the gums. In a person with periodontitis the gums pull away from the teeth slightly, forming a pouch that collects bacteria. The bacteria then begins to eat into the base of your teeth, loosening them. If left untreated your teeth will eventually fall out.
So, how is it possible people who never went to the dentist had less gum disease than those who do? Researchers point to two main factors to explain the increased rates among modern Britons, smoking and diabetes. Smoking weakens a person’s gums and makes it harder for them to fight off infections. It also makes it harder for the gum tissue to repair itself, leading to the formation of space between the gums and teeth. Once space has formed bacteria crowds in and begins to weaken your teeth and the connective tissues around them eventually leading to the loss of your teeth. Diabetes works in a different way. It causes dry mouth, which leads to an increase in bacteria growth because the saliva that normally keeps bacteria in check is missing. If you do have diabetes is it important to maintain healthy blood sugar levels because it will help your body keep your mouth healthy.
Researchers do point out, however, that ancient Britons did have other oral issues. Because their diet was high in coarse grains and cereals, their teeth were ground down. If enough of the tooth wore away, the pulp or nerve would be exposed, which often led to infection. Also, nearly half of them showed signs of tooth decay, a side effect of poor oral hygiene.
Interestingly, this study suggests that bad habits such as smoking are worse for your gums than not using a toothbrush. This is just the latest finding to highlight the ill effects smoking has on the body. The study also points out that as smoking rates decline, so do cases of periodontitis. So if we can continue this current trend of reducing the percentage of smokers, we can also enjoy healthier teeth as a society.
Dr. Potts is a gentle, caring dentist who uses the most advanced materials and procedures available. He practices comfortable, health-centered dentistry, with a strong emphasis on getting to know each patient. In addition to his technical proficiency, Dr. Potts is a careful listener. He makes sure to understand what you want and will explain beforehand what treatment is best for your individual needs, along with all options available to you. Check out our Twitter, Facebook page, and website.
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